Development of Comic-Based Teaching Materials on Ocean Literacy in Elementary Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33578/Keywords:
comic, Development, ocean literacy, teaching materialsAbstract
The availability of contextual and engaging teaching materials is essential for improving the quality of learning, particularly in the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) subject. This study aims to: (1) Develop marine literacy-based comic teaching materials for fifth-grade elementary students; (2) Determine the validity and feasibility of the developed materials; and (3) Assess their effectiveness in enhancing students’ marine knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward the sea. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The limited trial subjects were fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 5 Rupat Utara, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and tests. The results showed that the developed comic teaching materials were highly valid (average score of 94.79%), highly feasible (teacher response 94.28% and student response 94.99%), and effective in improving student learning outcomes (N-Gain score of 0.82, categorized as high). Therefore, the marine literacy-based comic is suitable for use in IPAS learning as a medium that enhances students’ understanding and awareness of the sea from an early age.
References
Agustin, D. A. (2020). Mengajarkan SAINS Dengan Permainan. Tata Akbar.
Al Faruque, S. N. (2023). The Unique Power of Comics: A Comprehensive Exploration of the VisualVerbal Medium and Its Impact on Storytelling, Communication, and Culture. International Journal Of English and Studies (IJOES). Https://Www. Ijoes. in/Papers/V5i10/1. IJOES-Sadiya (1-11). Pdf.
Anwar, S. (2023). Metode Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD) ( Hamidah, Ed.). Indonesia Emas Group. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ZXWyEAAAQBAJ
Astria, R. W. (2019). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Perairan Laut sebagai Dasar Pengetahuan Kebencanaan pada Materi Dinamika Hidrosfer dan Dampaknya terhadap Kehidupan di SMA Negeri Kebakkramat.
Bangun, B., Irmayani, D., Harahap, R. D., Anjar, A., & Hasibuan, L. R. (2024). Pelatihan Disain Grafis Menggunakan Adobe Photoshop Pada Desa N-6. Jurnal Pengabdian Harapan Bangsa, 2(1), 193–198.
Bukoye, R. O. (2019). Utilization of Instruction Materials as Tools for Effective Academic Performance of Students: Implications for Counselling. The 2nd Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference, 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2211395
Çiçek Şentürk, Ö., & Selvi, M. (2024). Argumentation-supported educational comics as a teaching tool for environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 30(2), 170–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2023.2227357
Costello, C., Cao, L., Gelcich, S., Cisneros, M. A., Free, C. M., Froehlich, H. E., Golden, C. D., Ishimura, G., Maier, J., Macadam-Somer, I., Mangin, T., Melnychuk, M. C., Miyahara, M., de Moor, C. L., Naylor, R., Nøstbakken, L., Ojea, E., O’Reilly, E., Parma, A. M., … Lubchenco, J. (2023). The Future of Food from the Sea. In The Blue Compendium (pp. 1–14). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_1
Dalpadado, P., Roxy, M. K., Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Chierici, M., Ostrowski, M., Skern-Mauritzen, R., Bakke, G., Richardson, A. J., & Sperfeld, E. (2024). Rapid climate change alters the environment and biological production of the Indian Ocean. Science of The Total Environment, 906, 167342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167342
Dewi, K. V. C., Pradesti, R., Nurlaela, S., Murnisari, Y., Suryanda, A., & Aulya, N. R. (2023). Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Aktivitas Manusia terhadap Kerusakan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang dan Biota Laut di Sekitarnya. Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains Dan Terapan, 3(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.36312/pjipst.v3i1.138
Erlina, D. (2018). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Terpadu. NoerFikri.
Fielding, S., Copley, J. T., & Mills, R. A. (2019). Exploring Our Oceans: Using the Global Classroom to Develop Ocean Literacy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00340
Garcia, O., & Cater, C. (2022). Life below water; challenges for tourism partnerships in achieving ocean literacy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2428–2447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1850747
Gkargkavouzi, A., Paraskevopoulos, S., & Matsiori, S. (2020). Public perceptions of the marine environment and behavioral intentions to preserve it: The case of three coastal cities in Greece. Marine Policy, 111, 103727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103727
Hindrasti, N. eka kusuma. (2018). Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Literasi Kelautan untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Kiprah, 6(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31629/kiprah.v6i2.855
Kautsari, N., Hidayat, P. R., Sapilin, A., Rahma, W. M., & Sary, R. (2023). Peningkatan Literasi Laut Anak-Anak Sekolah Dasar Tanjung Bele Sebagai Upaya Mendukung Pengelolaan Perikanan Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Lokal, 6(1), 108–116.
Kautsari, N., Rhismanda, A., & Abdillah, D. (2022). Literasi Laut Untuk Anak-Anak Pesisir Prajak Sebagai Upaya Membentuk Generasi Yang Bertanggung Jawab Terhadap Pemanfaatan Laut. Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Lokal, 5(1), 6–13.
Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S., Cullen-Knox, C., Cvitanovic, C., de Salas, K., Emad, G. R., Fullbrook, L., Garcia, C., Ison, S., Ling, S., Macleod, C., Meyer, A., Murray, L., Murunga, M., Nash, K. L., Norris, K., … Pecl, G. T. (2022). Connecting to the oceans: supporting ocean literacy and public engagement. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 32(1), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9
Kochhar, S. K. (2000). Teaching of social studies. Sterling Publishers Private Limited. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=nnOhN9vLaRkC
Legionosuko, T., Madjid, M. A., Asmoro, N., & Samudro, E. G. (2019). Posisi dan Strategi Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim guna Mendukung Ketahanan Nasional. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 25(3), 295. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.50907
Leonardy, J. (2023). Peran Fisikawan Indonesia Dalam Pengembangan Ilmu Pendidikan, Sains, dan Teknologi Sebagai Upaya Membangun Sumber Daya Manusia Yang Berkualitas di Era Society 5.0. uwais inspirasi indonesia.
Lo, P., Lyu, Y.-P., Chen, J. C., Lu, J.-L., & Stark, A. J. (2022). Measuring the educational value of comic books from the school librarians’ perspective: A region-wide quantitative study in Taiwan. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 54(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620983430
Mamolo, L. A. (2019). Development of digital interactive math comics (DIMaC) for senior high school students in general mathematics. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1689639. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1689639
McCauley, V., McHugh, P., Davison, K., & Domegan, C. (2019). Collective intelligence for advancing ocean literacy. Environmental Education Research, 25(2), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1553234
Minarni, M. (2020). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Dalam Bentuk Media Komik Dengan Adobe Photoshop Cs6 Pada Materi Laju Reaksi. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 14(2), 2595–2607.
Mogias, A., Boubonari, T., Realdon, G., Previati, M., Mokos, M., Koulouri, P., & Cheimonopoulou, M. Th. (2019). Evaluating Ocean Literacy of Elementary School Students: Preliminary Results of a Cross-Cultural Study in the Mediterranean Region. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00396
Mokos, M., Realdon, G., & Zubak Čižmek, I. (2020). How to Increase Ocean Literacy for Future Ocean Sustainability? The Influence of Non-Formal Marine Science Education. Sustainability, 12(24), 10647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410647
Molenda, M. (2003). In search of the elusive ADDIE model. Performance Improvement, 42(5), 34–37.
Nasution, R. P. A., Putra, M. J. A., & Alim, J. A. (2024). Pengembangan Komik Digital untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar ‘Mengapa Kita Perlu Makan dan Minum.’ Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan, 3(2), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.33578/kpd.v3i2.250
O’Hara, C. C., Frazier, M., & Halpern, B. S. (2021). At-risk marine biodiversity faces extensive, expanding, and intensifying human impacts. Science, 372(6537), 84–87. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe6731
Oktaviani, N. (2021). Pengaruh Pengetahuan Pencemaran Lingkungan Terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Di SMA Negeri 1 Krueng Barona Jaya. Doctoral dissertation, UIN AR-RANIRY.
Prastianto, R. W., Rosyid, D. M., Rochani, I., Sambodho, K., Mulyadi, Y., & Mustain, M. (2022). Pengembangan Bahan Literasi Bertema Teknologi Kelautan bagi Siswa SD dalam Membentuk Pribadi Cinta Laut Sejak Dini. SEWAGATI, 6(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.12962/j26139960.v6i1.205
Rinika, Y., Ras, A. R., Yulianto, B. A., Widodo, P., & Saragih, H. J. R. (2023). Pemetaan Dampak Kerusakan Ekosistem Mangrove Terhadap Lingkungan Keamanan Maritim. Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2), 170–176.
Rosita, E. (2022). Pengembangan Leaflet Angiospermae. Mualimin. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=3-h9EAAAQBAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PA66&dq=kriteria%20validitas%20bahan%20ajar%20%2C%20sangat%20valid%2C%20valid&hl=id&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q=kriteria%20validitas%20bahan%20ajar%20,%20sangat%20valid,%20valid&f=false
Sandi, M. D., Hafriyuliani, H., & Rekhoardriad, R. (2024). Kreatif dengan Canva : Pelatihan Desain Grafis untuk Anak SDN 32 Kota Bengkulu. Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE), 4(4), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v4i4.1170
Strang, C., Schoedinger, S., & deCharon, A. (2007). Can you Be Science Literate Without Being Ocean Literate? Current, 23, 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30563
Syaflita, D., Alvi, R. R., Adila, F., & Jaya Adi Putra, M. (2023). Needs Analysis of Comic as Science Teaching Material for Junior High School Students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2582(1), 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012046
Syarah, E. S., Yetti, E., Fridani, L., Yufiarti, Y., Hapidin, H., & Pupala, B. (2019). Electronic comics in elementary school science learning for marine conservation. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 8(4), 500–511.
Tri, N. (2021). Penerapan Video Pembelajaran Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Terhadap Literasi Kelautan Dan Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah.
Utami, F. P., Karnan, K., Handayani, B. S., & Mahrus, M. (2021). Identifikasi Kemampuan Literasi Kelautan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika, Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 6(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v6i1.160
Winks, L., Ward, M., Zilch, J., & Woodley, E. (2020). Residential marine field-course impacts on ocean literacy. Environmental Education Research, 26(7), 969–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1758631
Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra-Gonçalves, C., Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, H., Prelovec, L., & Sink, K. (2021). Making ocean literacy inclusive and accessible. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 21, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep00196
Wulandari, T., & Mudinillah, A. (2022). Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi CANVA sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA MI/SD. Jurnal Riset Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (JURMIA), 2(1), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.32665/jurmia.v2i1.245
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 MUTIA YULITA SARI, M.JAYA ADI PUTRA, NENI HERMITA (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Licence
Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium 
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
